Sources

Unless it is noted otherwise on this page, every work in the reference list has been checked. For a work the text cites, that means two things: the citation is correct, and the source supports the sentence it is cited for. Works listed but not cited in the text are background reading, checked for the citation only. The checks were made in October 2026, against the full text where it was open and the abstract where it was not.

Exceptions

Not peer reviewed. These were published without review by a journal, and the text treats them accordingly.

• Reports: Ardani et al. (2021), the Department of Energy’s Solar Futures Study, whose 2050 figure is a modeled scenario; Waechter et al. (2024), NREL’s community-solar potential; Electric Power Research Institute (2021), on pollinator scorecards; Gagnon et al. (2016), NREL’s rooftop assessment, a 2016 estimate to check against a current edition; Kochendoerfer et al. (2019), a Cornell research report; Larson et al. (2021), Princeton’s Net-Zero America, whose peer-reviewed companion is Jenkins et al. (2021); Macknick et al. (2022), NREL’s InSPIRE report; Maguire et al. (2024), from the USDA Economic Research Service.
• Extension and guidance: Calderwood et al. (2025), University of Maine Cooperative Extension Bulletin #2095; Hartman (2026), Penn State Extension; Bessette et al. (2024), the community-centered solar guidebook from Michigan State University and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
• Books, pages, and rules: Brand (1994) and Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (2014), books; Douglas & Deming (2015), a web article; the U.S. Energy Information Administration (2024), a web page replaced each year; 7 CFR 657, a federal regulation.
• Opinion in journals: Sturchio & Knapp (2023), a comment, and Eisenack et al. (2021), a guest editorial. Both appear in reviewed journals, but not as reviewed research.

Claims checked only in part.

• Vaverková et al. (2026): only the abstract could be read, and the Terminology’s point that vertical bifacial arrays leave room for machinery is not in it. A corrigendum (DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116496) also corrects the paper.
• Gallaher et al. (2026) and Koch et al. (2025): checked against their abstracts.
• Zwickle et al. (2021): the paper itself could not be read, and its Kansas result was checked through a co-author’s dissertation.
• Mayrhofer & Gupta (2016): the abstract supports the term’s unsettled meaning. That the word co-benefit demotes what it names is this lexicon’s own reading.
• Walston et al. (2018): checked against the abstract only.
• Waechter et al. (2024): the 967 GW figure, the conservative of its two access scenarios, was checked against NREL’s summary and press coverage, not the report itself.
• Brand (1994): checked against summaries of the book, not the book itself.

Citations not independently checked. Habraken (2002), Douglas & Deming (2015), Kochendoerfer et al. (2019), the 2024 guidebook, and the 2024 EIA page have no DOI and were not traced to the original in this round.

Material outside the reference list

Project records, programs, and conventions the text draws on that are not in the reference list. All are gray literature; trace a figure to its original before citing it elsewhere.

• “Utility-scale” as a definitional convention, not a single threshold. No one primary document fixes the cutoff. SEIA/EIA usage commonly treats projects above ~1 MW as utility-scale, while NREL and LBNL analyses generally use a ~5 MW(AC) floor; other market and regulatory definitions vary more widely. The lexicon uses the term as a rough band, not a fixed number — the specific MW figures are conventions to be checked against whichever edition is finally cited (needs-verification). Anchor documents: SEIA “Land Use & Solar Development” (seia.org) and the LBNL/NREL Utility-Scale Solar report series (emp.lbl.gov).
• Haidegg agri-PV orchard, Styria, Austria (340 kWp; apple, pear, cherry, apricot, peach, plum). Austrian Klima- und Energiefonds final report. — the source for two corrections in §7  Archetypal Forms: metal flashing between modules was necessary before rain protection appeared, and after the 2023 and 2024 hail seasons the array did not protect the orchard beneath, deflecting stones into the next row. German-language project reporting, not peer-reviewed; trace before citing.

Archetype exemplars (the Application: cases in §7  Archetypal Forms) — real projects, mostly documented in developer pages, NGO case studies, and extension case studies (gray literature); trace named figures to these before citing.

• The primer’s running example — Rabbit Hills Solar Farm, Oregon State University’s 35th Street array, Corvallis, OR (1,435 kW on about six acres of what was a non-irrigated sheep pasture, still grazed by the university’s sheep; built, owned, and operated by SolarCity, now Tesla, under a power purchase agreement, with OSU leasing the ground and buying the power). Site, capacity, and panel geometry from Adeh et al. (2018) and Andrew et al. (2021); ownership and the power purchase agreement from OSU’s sustainability office page on its ground-mounted arrays.
• Barnyard Shelter Solar — WCROC dairy, University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN (30 kW ground-mount raised over pasture, 2018, shading 30–40 grazing cows and serving the milking parlor; later 240 kW and 500 kW additions). Clean Energy Resource Teams and WCROC renewable-energy program pages; gray literature — trace the capacity figures before citing. Peer-reviewed heat-abatement evidence: Sharpe et al. (2021), where shaded cows showed lower body temperature and slower breathing. Poultry variation: Technique Solaire / INRAE photovoltaic-aviary trials, Lot-et-Garonne, France (PV shelters linked by nets; birds range farther and longer under cover) — developer/press reporting, trace before citing. Practitioner framing: Center for Rural Affairs, “cattle-voltaics” fact sheet.
• Perennial Crop Canopy — Maces Pond, Rockport, ME (4.2 MW on ~10 acres of wild blueberry; built 2021, developed by BlueWave, owned by Navisun, EPC by CS Energy; ~5 acres given to a University of Maine dual-use study under Lily Calderwood running three construction treatments). The study found no significant difference between the treatments, light under the panels cut by more than 90%, and no commercial harvest since installation: Calderwood et al. (2025). Capacities are developer- and trade-reported, trace before citing. Tall-canopy variants at the other end of the same form: Colorado State University’s chardonnay plot at Grand Junction and a peach-orchard installation at Talbott Farms, both press-reported only, trace before citing. Peer-reviewed protection evidence: Scalisi et al. (2026) (pear sunburn, with the yield cost), Caravia et al. (2016) (acidity in shaded Shiraz grapes), Yu et al. (2022) (a continuous rain cover in table grapes).
• Vegetable Agrivoltaics — Jack’s Solar Garden, Boulder County, CO (1.2 MW single-axis tracking, ~4 acres; chard, greens, and tomatoes grown by partner farmers). NREL / InSPIRE, Colorado State, and University of Arizona research site; NCAT AgriSolar Clearinghouse case study. Dryland shade-benefit evidence: Barron-Gafford et al. (2019).
• Marginal Land Solar — Cozy Cove Farm, Gurley, AL (50 kW / 208 panels, elevated ~7 ft, TVA offtake). NCAT AgriSolar Clearinghouse case study.
• Solar Prairie Strips — Ramsey Renewable Station (Connexus Energy), Ramsey, MN. Fresh Energy case study and the DOE PV-SMaRT project (University of Minnesota stormwater modeling); the no-detention-basin result is from PV-SMaRT modeling. Prairie-strip science (the STRIPS project, Iowa State): Schulte et al. (2017).
• Regenerative Solar Grazing — Aurora Solar, Minnesota (150 MW-dc, 16 sites, operational 2017). Enel Green Power project page; Fresh Energy case study; NREL InSPIRE pollinator research. Soil gains under managed solar native cover: Krasner et al. (2025).
• Retired-Irrigation Solar — Westlands Solar Park (demand side) & Pivot-Corner Recharge, High Plains (supply side). Arid / demand: Westlands Water District Valley Clean Infrastructure Plan, repurposing up to ~136,000 acres of drainage-impaired, previously-irrigated San Joaquin Valley land to solar under SGMA — PPIC, Solar Energy and Groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley (ppic.org). Semi-arid / supply: solar in center-pivot corners for Ogallala recharge — Kansas Geological Survey / Kansas State / Michigan State (FFAR-funded). Both trace before citing; the peer-reviewed anchor for the demand-side water saving is Stid, Shukla, et al. (2025).
• Further built examples in the Archetype Catalog, added 2026. All are gray literature unless a citation is given, with capacities and outcomes as reported; trace before citing. Barnyard shelter: the Morris dairy’s expansion to about 500 kW (Agweek) and Sharpe et al. (2021) for the heat-stress result. Perennial crop canopy: Piet Albers fruit farm, Babberich, NL (BayWa r.e. case study); Domaine de Nidolères, FR (Sun’Agri results as reported by The Drinks Business, company figures); CSU Western Campus vineyard, Grand Junction, CO (Colorado Newsline). Solar prairie strips: Eagle Point, Medford, OR (Great Plains Institute, PV-SMaRT). Regenerative solar grazing: Silicon Ranch and White Oak Pastures, GA (Silicon Ranch). Retired-irrigation solar: Westlands acreage (Public Policy Institute of California). Solar fencerows: Donaueschingen-Aasen, DE (pv magazine); South Burlington, VT (Solar Power World). Pollinator meadow solar: Connexus Energy SolarWise garden, Ramsey, MN (Modern Farmer). Restored-grassland solar: two Enel Green Power sites in southern Minnesota, Walston et al. (2025). Pivot-corner recharge: Kansas Geological Survey demonstration (KU News). Farm-load microgrid: Producers Rice Mill, Stuttgart, AR (Solar Builder); K&MH Martens Farms, NY (NYSERDA award). Vegetable agrivoltaics: UMass Amherst South Deerfield and statewide dual-use farms (UMass CAFE). Brightfield: SELCO landfill array, Shrewsbury, MA (American Public Power Association); Sunnyside, Houston, TX (AgriSolar Clearinghouse). Each is linked where it appears in the Catalog.

Regional calibration (§Archetypes by region) — the regions behind the calibration table in the Archetype Catalog.

• USDA Farm Resource Regions. USDA Economic Research Service, Farm Resource Regions, Agricultural Information Bulletin No. 760 (ers.usda.gov) — nine regions built from county-level commodity specialization. The regional characterizations in the table are from ERS chart-gallery summaries rather than the bulletin text; read the bulletin before quoting shares.

Design typologies & program frameworks (§6  Restorative Functions–§7  Archetypal Forms) — standards and program literature acknowledged in the terminology; trace to the current edition before citing.

• DIN SPEC 91434 (2021). Agri-Photovoltaic Systems — Requirements for Primary Agricultural Use. Beuth/DIN, Berlin. — source for the overhead (Category I, elevated) vs. interspace (Category II, ground-level between rows) structural typology in §7  Archetypal Forms; a German technical specification, not a peer-reviewed source — verify category wording against the standard.
• NREL / DOE InSPIRE (Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment). Low-Impact Solar Development resources and the agrivoltaics research library, openei.org / nrel.gov. — program source for the “low-impact solar development” framing (§6  Restorative Functions) and the configuration taxonomy; gray literature / program output. The InSPIRE synthesis in the reference list is Macknick et al. (2022).
• NCAT AgriSolar Clearinghouse (agrisolar.org). DOE SETO-funded. — existing usage of “agrisolar” (§8  Terminology) and the source of several §7  Archetypal Forms exemplar case studies; gray literature.
• US EPA RE-Powering America’s Land (epa.gov/re-powering). — federal program siting renewables on contaminated land, landfills, and mine sites; background for the marginal / brightfield land vocabulary (§8  Terminology) and the Brightfield archetype (§7  Archetypal Forms); gray literature.

Where the terms came from

Several of this lexicon’s terms are borrowed, and some collide with other fields’ senses. The Terminology gives each term’s meaning; these notes record where it came from.

• Agrivoltaics. Goetzberger and Zastrow (1982) proposed running solar conversion and plant cultivation on one field and worked out the geometry, nearly thirty years before the English word, which arrived with Dupraz et al. (2011). Goetzberger is often miscited as 1981.
• Land equivalent ratio. Defined for intercropping by Mead and Willey (1980), which is where its assumption that both outputs are yields comes from. Dupraz et al. (2011) carried it into agrivoltaics by treating electricity as the second crop.
• Agrisolar and agroenergy. Stid, Shukla, et al. (2025) define agrisolar as integrating solar, agriculture, and ecosystem services within agroenergy landscapes, and use it in both a broad and a narrow sense.
• Ecovoltaics and multi-use solar. Sturchio and Knapp (2023) coin ecovoltaics. Merheb et al. (2025) use multi-use solar for the field and split it into agrivoltaics, rangevoltaics, and ecovoltaics.
• Pore space. Toledo and Scognamiglio (2021) moved the word from the soil to the volume between and under the modules.
• Restorative. From restorative design, where Reed (2007) places restorative one rung below regenerative. The lexicon keeps that modesty.
• Restorative work. Ecological restoration sorts its work by technique, and calls a package of techniques matched to a site a restoration mode (Zha et al. 2025). The lexicon sorts it by which choice carries it. The nearest prior art for sorting by instrument is the IUCN-CMP actions classification (Salafsky et al. 2008), whose top categories match four of the six leads.
• Restorative functions. Service classifications are plural and built for a purpose (Costanza 2008). The functions are one more, sorted by what a design can be built to deliver rather than by what an ecosystem supplies.
• Benefit delivery. Ecosystem-service research maps the area providing a service separately from the area benefiting (Syrbe and Walz 2012), and Hernandez et al. (2019) call outcomes overlapping the site sympatric and those away from it disjunct, each with a serviceshed. The lexicon sorts the disjunct side by route and adds delivery by preservation.
• Farming axis. The sharing and sparing poles come from conservation ecology (Green et al. 2005; Phalan et al. 2011). Three things change: what is placed is a power plant, the unit is one project, and the axis records what happened to farming rather than scoring an outcome. That is why it has a middle at S3, which the ecology debate lacks. Oudes et al. (2022) offer the nearest typology of solar landscapes, by design ambition, and the axis cuts across it.
• Scale transect. Named for the rural-to-urban Transect of Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (2014), which runs across the ground; the scale transect is a gradient of project size.
• Design levers. Brand (1994), after Frank Duffy, reads a building as layers that change at different rates, which is why management sits apart from structure. Habraken (2002) adds that each level has its own decision-maker, the ownership lever stated as design theory. Douglas and Deming (2015) report that parts of many landscape projects fail within a year or two because maintenance had no voice in design.
• Feasible wedge. Not a source for anything here, but the word will be heard against the stabilization wedges of Pacala and Socolow (2004).
• Archetype. Meant plainly, not as the formal archetype analysis of Eisenack et al. (2021).
• Connectivity. Landscape ecology’s functional sense (Taylor et al. 1993).

References

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Andrew, Alyssa C., Chad W. Higgins, Mary A. Smallman, Maggie Graham, and Serkan Ates. 2021. “Herbage Yield, Lamb Growth and Foraging Behavior in Agrivoltaic Production System.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5: 659175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.659175.

Ardani, Kristen, Paul Denholm, Trieu Mai, et al. 2021. Solar Futures Study. GO-102021-5621. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency; Renewable Energy. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/Solar%20Futures%20Study.pdf.

Barron-Gafford, Greg A., Mitchell A. Pavao-Zuckerman, Rebecca L. Minor, et al. 2019. “Agrivoltaics Provide Mutual Benefits Across the Food–Energy–Water Nexus in Drylands.” Nature Sustainability 2 (9): 848–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0364-5.

Bessette, Douglas L., Ben Hoen, Joseph Rand, et al. 2024. “Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Local Benefits and Burdens of Large-Scale Solar Energy Development in the United States.” Energy Research & Social Science 108: 103375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103375.

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Calderwood, Lily, Jordan Parks, and Leala Machesney. 2025. Considerations for Solar on Wild Blueberry Land in Maine. Bulletin No. 2095. University of Maine Cooperative Extension. https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/2095e/.

Caravia, Luisa, Cassandra Collins, Paul R. Petrie, and Stephen D. Tyerman. 2016. “Application of Shade Treatments During Shiraz Berry Ripening to Reduce the Impact of High Temperature.” Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 22 (3): 422–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12248.

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Crawford, Jessica, Douglas Bessette, and Sarah B. Mills. 2022. “Rallying the Anti-Crowd: Organized Opposition, Democratic Deficit, and a Potential Social Gap in Large-Scale Solar Energy.” Energy Research & Social Science 90: 102597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102597.

Dillman, B. L., and C. F. Cousins. 1982. “Urban Encroachment on Prime Agricultural Land: A Case Study.” International Regional Science Review 7 (3): 285–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/016001768200700304.

Douglas, Scott, and M. Elen Deming. 2015. From the Field: Maintenance, the Missing Link. Landscape Architecture Foundation, Case Study Investigation. https://www.lafoundation.org/news/2015/06/csi-uiuc.

Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. 2014. The Lexicon of New Urbanism. Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. https://www.dpz.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Lexicon-2014.pdf.

Dupraz, Christian, Hélène Marrou, Grégoire Talbot, Lydie Dufour, Angel Nogier, and Yannick Ferard. 2011. “Combining Solar Photovoltaic Panels and Food Crops for Optimising Land Use: Towards New Agrivoltaic Schemes.” Renewable Energy 36 (10): 2725–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.005.

Eisenack, Klaus, Christoph Oberlack, and Diana Sietz. 2021. “Avenues of Archetype Analysis: Roots, Achievements, and Next Steps in Sustainability Research.” Ecology and Society 26 (2): 31. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12484-260231.

Electric Power Research Institute. 2021. Pollinator-Friendly Solar Scorecards: Comprehensive Analysis of Scorecard Attributes. No. 3002022121. EPRI. https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002022121.

Elmallah, Salma, Ben Hoen, K. S. Fujita, Dana Robson, and Eric Brunner. 2023. “Shedding Light on Large-Scale Solar Impacts: An Analysis of Property Values and Proximity to Photovoltaics Across Six US States.” Energy Policy 175: 113425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113425.

Gallaher, Adam, Theodore Koch, Elizabeth L. Kalies, Peter B. Woodbury, and Steven M. Grodsky. 2026. “Sustainability Trade-Offs at the Nexus of Solar Energy, Agriculture, and Biodiversity.” Geography and Sustainability 7: 100483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2026.100483.

Goetzberger, A., and A. Zastrow. 1982. “On the Coexistence of Solar-Energy Conversion and Plant Cultivation.” International Journal of Solar Energy 1 (1): 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425918208909875.

Green, Rhys E., Stephen J. Cornell, Jörn P. W. Scharlemann, and Andrew Balmford. 2005. “Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature.” Science 307 (5709): 550–55. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106049.

Habraken, N. John. 2002. “The Uses of Levels.” Open House International 27 (2).

Hartman, Dave. 2026. Sheep Grazing to Maintain Solar Energy Sites in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. https://extension.psu.edu/sheep-grazing-to-maintain-solar-energy-sites-in-pennsylvania.

Hernandez, R. R., A. Armstrong, J. Burney, et al. 2019. “Techno-Ecological Synergies of Solar Energy for Global Sustainability.” Nature Sustainability 2 (7): 560–68. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0309-z.

Hernandez, R. R., S. B. Easter, M. L. Murphy-Mariscal, et al. 2014. “Environmental Impacts of Utility-Scale Solar Energy.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 29: 766–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.041.

Kannenberg, Steven A., Matthew A. Sturchio, Martin D. Venturas, and Alan K. Knapp. 2023. “Grassland Carbon-Water Cycling Is Minimally Impacted by a Photovoltaic Array.” Communications Earth & Environment 4: 238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00904-4.

Knapp, Alan K., and Matthew A. Sturchio. 2024. “Ecovoltaics in an Increasingly Water-Limited World: An Ecological Perspective.” One Earth 7 (10): 1705–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2024.09.003.

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Krasner, Noah Z., Y. Li, D. C. Friis, et al. 2025. “Soil Surface Properties and Implications for Soil Carbon Sequestration in Early-Stage Ecovoltaic Grassland Restoration.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 13: 1646181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1646181.

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McCall, James, James Macdonald, Robin Burton, and Jordan Macknick. 2023. “Vegetation Management Cost and Maintenance Implications of Different Ground Covers at Utility-Scale Solar Sites.” Sustainability 15 (7): 5895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075895.

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Merheb, Caroline, Jordan Macknick, Nicholas Davatzes, and Sujith Ravi. 2025. “Synergies and Trade-Offs of Multi-Use Solar Landscapes.” Nature Sustainability 8: 857–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01600-1.

Moore, Sharlissa, Hannah Graff, Carolyn Ouellet, Skyler Leslie, and Danny Olweean. 2022. “Can We Have Clean Energy and Grow Our Crops Too? Solar Siting on Agricultural Land in the United States.” Energy Research & Social Science 91: 102731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102731.

Oudes, Dirk, Adri van den Brink, and Sven Stremke. 2022. “Towards a Typology of Solar Energy Landscapes: Mixed-Production, Nature Based and Landscape Inclusive Solar Power Transitions.” Energy Research & Social Science 91: 102742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102742.

Owusu-Obeng, Papa Yaw, Mai Shi, Max Vanatta, and Michael T. Craig. 2026. “Beyond Prime Farmland: Solar Siting Tradeoffs for Cost-Effective Decarbonization.” Environmental Research: Energy 3 (1): 015014. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ae402f.

Pacala, S., and R. Socolow. 2004. “Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies.” Science 305 (5686): 968–72. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100103.

Phalan, Ben, Malvika Onial, Andrew Balmford, and Rhys E. Green. 2011. “Reconciling Food Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Land Sharing and Land Sparing Compared.” Science 333 (6047): 1289–91. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208742.

Pinos, Juan, Seth M. Munson, Claire C. Karban, and Matthew D. Petrie. 2026. “Ecovoltaic Solar Energy Development Effects to Microclimate, Temperature, and Soil Moisture in Panel Array Interspaces in a Warm Desert.” Journal of Environmental Management 398: 128436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128436.

Reed, Bill. 2007. “Shifting from ‘Sustainability’ to Regeneration.” Building Research & Information 35 (6): 674–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701475753.

Ryder, Stacia, Chad Walker, Susana Batel, Hannah Devine-Wright, Patrick Devine-Wright, and Fionnguala Sherry-Brennan. 2023. “Do the Ends Justify the Means? Problematizing Social Acceptance and Instrumentally-Driven Community Engagement in Proposed Energy Projects.” Socio-Ecological Practice Research 5 (2): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-023-00148-8.

Salafsky, Nick, Daniel Salzer, Alison J. Stattersfield, et al. 2008. “A Standard Lexicon for Biodiversity Conservation: Unified Classifications of Threats and Actions.” Conservation Biology 22 (4): 897–911. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x.

Scalisi, Alessio, Lexie McClymont, Madeleine Peavey, and Ian Goodwin. 2026. “Long-Term Effects of Agrivoltaics on Yield and Fruit Quality Performance of Bi-Color (Blush) Pears.” Scientia Horticulturae 357: 114663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2026.114663.

Schulte, Lisa A., Jarad Niemi, Matthew J. Helmers, et al. 2017. “Prairie Strips Improve Biodiversity and the Delivery of Multiple Ecosystem Services from Corn-Soybean Croplands.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (42): 11247–52. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620229114.

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